The Moralia include On the Fortune or the Virtue of Alexander the Great, an important adjunct to his Life of the great general On the Worship of Isis and Osiris, a crucial source of information on Egyptian religious rites and On the Malice of Herodotus (which may, like the orations on Alexander's accomplishments, have been a rhetorical exercise), in which Plutarch criticizes what he sees as systematic bias in the Histories of Herodotus along with more philosophical treatises, such as On the Decline of the Oracles, On the Delays of the Divine Vengeance, On Peace of Mind and lighter fare, such as Odysseus and Gryllus ("Bruta animalia ratione uti"), a humorous dialog between Homer's Odysseus and one of Circe's enchanted pigs. Many generations of Europeans have read or imitated them, including Michel de Montaigne and the Renaissance Humanists and Enlightenment philosophers.Ĭontents General structure They provide insights into Roman and Greek life, but often are also timeless observations in their own right. The eclectic collection contains 78 essays and transcribed speeches. The Moralia ( Ancient Greek: Ἠθικά Ethika loosely translated as "Morals" or "Matters relating to customs and mores") is a group of manuscripts dating from the 10th–13th centuries, traditionally ascribed to the 1st-century Greek scholar Plutarch of Chaeronea.
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